It is divided into several dialects, which together are estimated to have more than two million speakers. The Romani language is an Indo-Aryan language with strong Balkan and Greek influence. These two groups, however, may be related to each other. Though often confused with Irish Travellers and the Yenish people in western Europe, the Romani are culturally different. In migrations since the late 19th century, Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and Canada. Brazil also includes a notable Romani community descended from deportees from the Portuguese Empire during the Portuguese Inquisition. There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the 19th century from eastern Europe. Since the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas. The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Romani, including Gypsy, because of the aforementioned pejorative and stereotypical connotations associated with them. Examples include Greek: Γύφτος or Τσιγγάνος French: Tzigane or gitan Spanish: gitano Italian: zingaro Portuguese: cigano Romanian: țigan and German: Zigeuner. For versions of the word (some of which are cognates) in many other languages, this perception is very small or non-existent. In the English language, the Romani are widely known by the exonym Gypsies (or Gipsies), which is considered pejorative by some Romani due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity as well as its historical use as a racial slur. Although they are dispersed, their most concentrated populations are located in Europe, especially central, eastern and southern Europe (notably southern France), as well as western Asia (mainly Turkey). The Romani arrived in Europe around the 14th century. As these soldiers were defeated, they were moved west with their families into the Byzantine Empire. It has also been suggested that emigration from India may have taken place in the context of the raids by Mahmud of Ghazni. Some scholars believe that they did not leave India before 1000 CE. Their subsequent westward migration, possibly in waves, is now believed to have occurred beginning in about 500 CE based on genomic findings. Linguistic and genetic evidence suggests that the Roma originated in the Indian subcontinent in particular, the region of Rajasthan. Although there is no single Romani "homeland", a home country for the Romani has been proposed, under the name Romanistan. They live predominantly in Europe and Anatolia, but have diaspora populations located worldwide with significant concentrations in the Americas. The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani / ˈ r oʊ m ə n i/, / ˈ r ɒ-/), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group and traditionally nomadic itinerants. Ghorbati, Doms, Lom, Ḍoma other Indo-Aryans Judaism (conversion through marriage to Jewish spouses) Romani language, Para-Romani varieties, languages of native regions
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